The present thesis discuss in a didactic and detailed way the high-order scheme known as the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, with special focus on applications in aerodynamics. The theoretical formulation of the method is presented in one and two dimensions with great depth, being properly discussed issues of convergence, basis functions, interelement communication, boundary conditions, shock treatment, as well as inviscid and viscous numerical fluxes. As part of this effort, a parallel computer code was developed to simulate the Euler equations of gas dynamics in two dimensions with general boundary conditions over unstructured meshes of triangles. Numerical simulations are addressed in order to demonstrate the characteristics of the Discontinuous Galerkin scheme, as well as to validate the developed solver. It is worth mentioning that the present work can be regarded as new within the Brazilian scientific community and, as such, may be of great importance concerning the introduction of the DG method for Brazilian CFD researchers and practitioners.