PG-EAM - Graduate Program in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering
PT EN
PhD Thesis 2022

Fabrication and characterization of stretchable sensors with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and PDMS for application in aeronautical structures

Author

Thyago Santos Braga

Concentration Area

Projeto Aeronáutico, Estruturas e Sistemas Aeroespaciais

Defense Date

22/03/2022

Thesis Number

78305

Abstract

This study introduces easy manufactured (4-5hours) vertically aligned carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (VACNT/PDMS) stretchable sensor for aircraft structures and polymer composites. The VACNT growth method used was thermal CVD. Camphor and ferrocene precursors create a dense and homogeneous CNT structure with many ohmic conducting paths that surpass any more resistive tunneling phenomena. These sensors presented high linearity (r2 = 0.99) under ~20% strain with an average gauge factor of 3.28 at DC measurements. A second stage using Fe(NO3)3 and Co(NO3)2 dissolved in 50ml of absolute ethanol, generated sensors with an intermediate and high VACNT density. Under static tensile load, the sensor with lower catalyst concentration shows a high gauge factor (GF~1400), whereupon tunneling effect is the mechanism that dictates the sensitivity. For higher concentrations, the GF decreases (~40) and shows an ohmic conduction. Based on dielectric impedance (DI) and direct current (DC) electrical analysis, it was possible to identify that cut-off frequency (fc) increases with VACNTs concentration. Cut-off frequency can also define high sensitivity VACNT sensors with lower VACNT density. When compared with dispersed MWCNT sensors, VACNTs have a fc decreased because of the larger R2 variation associated with the high tunneling effect. This effect associated with the high sensitivity of the VACNT/PDMs sensors makes it a key factor to understand the mechanisms responsible for increasing the sensitivity and manufacturing of high GF nanocomposite stretchable sensors.

Keywords

Nanotubos Fibras de carbono Sensores Propriedades elétricas Nanocompósitos Redução de custos Engenharia de materiais